What's The Function of these Genes?
  • Data
  • Quick report
  • Parameters
  • Sampler
  • Term report
  • Gene report

Hold your horses!

Are you quite sure?

Quick term report

This page lists the terms that Fisher's exact test proposes as possible explanations for the genes in the active set.

Fisher's exact test is simpler than the alternative (model-based MCMC-sampling) analysis implemented by this app, and it has pros and cons relative to that approach. One advantage is that it is very quick: results will show up on this page instantly, as soon as you have entered some gene names on the Data page. A related advantage is that its convergence is guaranteed, so you don't need to worry about whether it's run for long enough, as is sometimes the case with the MCMC analysis.

On the negative side, Fisher's test ignores interactions between the terms, unlike the model-based approach, which allows multiple terms to "collaborate" in explaining the data. Fisher's test tends to identify a lot of terms as being enriched, and some of the interesting signal can get lost in the noise.

Model parameters

The model has three parameters: π, α, and β. These specify the probabilities of three types of random event, namely: term activation (π); mislabeling of inactive genes as active, i.e. false positives (α); and mislabeling of active genes as inactive, i.e. false negatives (β).

A beta distribution prior is specified for each of the three parameters. Each beta prior has two hyperparameters, representing pseudocounts for the number of times the corresponding random events did or didn't occur.

DATA

Select organism and ontology, and enter the set of genes to be analyzed for enrichment. (For example, this might be the set of genes that were differentially regulated in an RNA-Seq experiment, or are found to be associated with a disease.)

The data input controls on this page are frozen once sampling begins. To modify them, first reset the sampler.
ORGANISM AND ONTOLOGY
GENE SYMBOLS
  Enter gene symbols below, one per line:
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SAMPLER

QUICK TERM REPORT

This page lists the terms that are enriched according to Fisher's exact test (more info).

Explanatory terms

PARAMETERS

Specify the prior over model parameters (more info).

The parameter settings on this page are frozen once sampling begins. To modify them, first reset the sampler.
TERMS

Parameter π is the probability that a term will be active, thereby activating all its associated genes.

The most likely value for π under the prior.

The total number of pseudocounts, determining how much influence the prior has relative to the model.


Pseudocounts

Pseudocount for the number of active terms.

Pseudocount for the number of inactive terms.

FALSE POSITIVES

Parameter α is the probability that a gene will appear in the active set, despite no associated active terms.

The most likely value for α under the prior.

The total number of pseudocounts, determining how much influence the prior has relative to the model.


Pseudocounts

Pseudocount for the number of false positives.

Pseudocount for the number of true negatives.

FALSE NEGATIVES

Parameter β is the probability that a gene will not appear in the active set, despite one (or more) associated active terms.

The most likely value for β under the prior.

The total number of pseudocounts, determining how much influence the prior has relative to the model.


Pseudocounts

Pseudocount for the number of false negatives.

Pseudocount for the number of true positives.

SAMPLER

This page shows information about the MCMC sampling run.

0

samples

0

samples/term

0

samples/sec
LOG-LIKELIHOOD TRACE
CONFIGURATION

The number of samples per term that the sampler is allowed to run before statistics-gathering commences.

The target number of samples per term that the sampler will be run while statistics are gathered.



TERM REPORT

This page lists the terms proposed as explanations for the combination of genes in the active set.

Explanatory terms

GENE REPORT

This page summarizes the results of the analysis on the gene set.

Unexplained Genes
The genes in this table are potential false positives: they are part of the active set, but no terms were found to explain them.
Predicted Genes
The genes in this table are potential false negatives: although they are not part of the active set, they are predicted to be so, by terms that explain other genes that are in the active set.
Source code: GitHub